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C- The Norman Conquest : ( 1066 -1485 )
William is the fellow who conquered England in 1066, for which he gained the nickname "the Conqueror".He was crowned on Christamas day in Westminster Abbey (a large church in the Gothic style in London,was built by Edward the Confessor ).
He built the Tower of London to live in, to keep himself and his family safe. William and all his friends spoke French, but the English people spoke Saxon. So for a long time there were two languages spoken in England.
-The Great Council :
William set up a council of Norman nobles and bishops. He called it the Great Council. The council's job was to help him rule effectively.It grew to become an important part of government. By the 1200's, the Great Council was called Parliament.( The House of Lords , and the House of Commons).
Sheriffs: ("reeve of the shire")
William had another great idea. He knew his nobles and bishops were going to need tax money to run their fiefs. William needed tax money to run the kingdom. He created a new office called a sheriff. A sheriff's job was to collect taxes.
The Domesday Book:
William needed to know how much tax he could expect to collect. He appointed people out to every hamlet in the country. Their job was to count every pig, every person, every farm, every rooster in the kingdom. Their reports were entered in a book called the Domesday Book. It was the first census since Roman times.
D- The Tudors : ( 1485 – 1603 )
The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England and Wales from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history. They ruled for 118 years.
The first Tudor king was Henry Vll. He became king after the battle of Bosworth field, which ended the War of the Roses. He was followed by his son, Henry Vlll, who was famous for marrying six times and beheading two of his wives! His son, Edward Vl ruled after him, followed by his daughters Mary l and Elizabeth l.
During 118 years of Tudor rule, England became richer than ever before. As the country became wealthier, towns grew, beautiful houses were built and schools and colleges were set up. Arts and crafts flourished too. England was home to great painters, writers and musicians.
E-The Stewarts : ( 1603- 1714 )
The Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom. King James I of England who began the period was also King James VI of Scotland, thus combining the two thrones for the first time.
The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714, a period which saw a flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instability, of plague, fire and war.
It was an age of intense religious debate and radical politics. Both contributed to a bloody civil war in the mid-seventeenth century between Crown and Parliament (the Cavaliers and the Roundheads), resulting in a parliamentary victory for Oliver Cromwell and the dramatic execution of King Charles I. The Restoration of the Crown was soon followed by another 'Glorious' Revolution. William and Mary of Orange ascended the throne as joint monarchs and defenders of Protestantism, followed by Queen Anne, the second of James II's daughters.
The end of the Stuart line with the death of Queen Anne led to the drawing up of the Act of Settlement in 1701, which provided that only Protestants could hold the throne.
F- The Hanoverians : (1714 -1837 )
the Hanoverian period was remarkably stable, not least because of the longevity of its kings. From 1714 through to 1837, there were only five monarchs, one of whom, George III, remains the longest reigning king in British History.
The period was also one of political stability, and the development of constitutional monarchy. For vast tracts of the eighteenth century, great Whig families dominated politics, while the early nineteenth century saw Tory domination.
Britain's first 'Prime' Minister, Robert Walpole, dates from this period, and income tax was introduced. Towards the end of the Hanoverian period, the Great Reform Act was passed, which amongst other things widened the electorate.
By the end of the Hanoverian period, the British Empire covered a third of the globe.
G-The Victorians : (1837 – 1901)
Victorian times means during Victoria's rule. The time Queen Victoria was on the throne. She ruled for 64 years.
Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.
- Britain became the most powerful and richest country.
- The number of people living in Britain more than doubled.
- Factories and machines were built.
- Railways, originally built to transport goods.
H-Modern Britain( since 1901)
-The First old age pension.
-First World War (1914-1918)
-The Second World War (1939-1945)
Britain did not fight alone, the war also involved many countries. World War II involved 61 countries with 1.7 billion people, three quaters of the world's population.It started by Germany in an unprovoked attack on Poland. Britain and France declared war on Germany after Hitler had refused to abort his invasion of Poland.It ended with the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.
Elizabeth II becomes Queen ( 1952 )
- Britain joins the European Community (1973 )
- Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first woman prime minister. (1979)
William is the fellow who conquered England in 1066, for which he gained the nickname "the Conqueror".He was crowned on Christamas day in Westminster Abbey (a large church in the Gothic style in London,was built by Edward the Confessor ).
He built the Tower of London to live in, to keep himself and his family safe. William and all his friends spoke French, but the English people spoke Saxon. So for a long time there were two languages spoken in England.
-The Great Council :
William set up a council of Norman nobles and bishops. He called it the Great Council. The council's job was to help him rule effectively.It grew to become an important part of government. By the 1200's, the Great Council was called Parliament.( The House of Lords , and the House of Commons).
Sheriffs: ("reeve of the shire")
William had another great idea. He knew his nobles and bishops were going to need tax money to run their fiefs. William needed tax money to run the kingdom. He created a new office called a sheriff. A sheriff's job was to collect taxes.
The Domesday Book:
William needed to know how much tax he could expect to collect. He appointed people out to every hamlet in the country. Their job was to count every pig, every person, every farm, every rooster in the kingdom. Their reports were entered in a book called the Domesday Book. It was the first census since Roman times.
D- The Tudors : ( 1485 – 1603 )
The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England and Wales from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history. They ruled for 118 years.
The first Tudor king was Henry Vll. He became king after the battle of Bosworth field, which ended the War of the Roses. He was followed by his son, Henry Vlll, who was famous for marrying six times and beheading two of his wives! His son, Edward Vl ruled after him, followed by his daughters Mary l and Elizabeth l.
During 118 years of Tudor rule, England became richer than ever before. As the country became wealthier, towns grew, beautiful houses were built and schools and colleges were set up. Arts and crafts flourished too. England was home to great painters, writers and musicians.
E-The Stewarts : ( 1603- 1714 )
The Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom. King James I of England who began the period was also King James VI of Scotland, thus combining the two thrones for the first time.
The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714, a period which saw a flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instability, of plague, fire and war.
It was an age of intense religious debate and radical politics. Both contributed to a bloody civil war in the mid-seventeenth century between Crown and Parliament (the Cavaliers and the Roundheads), resulting in a parliamentary victory for Oliver Cromwell and the dramatic execution of King Charles I. The Restoration of the Crown was soon followed by another 'Glorious' Revolution. William and Mary of Orange ascended the throne as joint monarchs and defenders of Protestantism, followed by Queen Anne, the second of James II's daughters.
The end of the Stuart line with the death of Queen Anne led to the drawing up of the Act of Settlement in 1701, which provided that only Protestants could hold the throne.
F- The Hanoverians : (1714 -1837 )
the Hanoverian period was remarkably stable, not least because of the longevity of its kings. From 1714 through to 1837, there were only five monarchs, one of whom, George III, remains the longest reigning king in British History.
The period was also one of political stability, and the development of constitutional monarchy. For vast tracts of the eighteenth century, great Whig families dominated politics, while the early nineteenth century saw Tory domination.
Britain's first 'Prime' Minister, Robert Walpole, dates from this period, and income tax was introduced. Towards the end of the Hanoverian period, the Great Reform Act was passed, which amongst other things widened the electorate.
By the end of the Hanoverian period, the British Empire covered a third of the globe.
G-The Victorians : (1837 – 1901)
Victorian times means during Victoria's rule. The time Queen Victoria was on the throne. She ruled for 64 years.
Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.
- Britain became the most powerful and richest country.
- The number of people living in Britain more than doubled.
- Factories and machines were built.
- Railways, originally built to transport goods.
H-Modern Britain( since 1901)
-The First old age pension.
-First World War (1914-1918)
-The Second World War (1939-1945)
Britain did not fight alone, the war also involved many countries. World War II involved 61 countries with 1.7 billion people, three quaters of the world's population.It started by Germany in an unprovoked attack on Poland. Britain and France declared war on Germany after Hitler had refused to abort his invasion of Poland.It ended with the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.
Elizabeth II becomes Queen ( 1952 )
- Britain joins the European Community (1973 )
- Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first woman prime minister. (1979)
